An SFA spokesman said: "We are very disappointed that Paul is not joining the team as he would have been a valuable member of our strikeforce in a match Scotland must win.
"However, it is particularly disappointing Leicester did not inform us of the plan for him to have an operation before the squad was announced, although they knew that he was provisionally selected.
"The club was informed by letter on March 14th that Paul was a provisional selection and it would have avoided any difficulties if they had contacted the SFA before yesterday's announcement to discuss the situation."
The Foxes top scorer is likely to be sidelined for about three weeks after undergoing the operation.